I have installed oracle 11g 64 bit version followed by 32 bit version. I have heard that the TNS files will be in the folder structure.NETWORK ADMIN folder in ORACLE installation path. Oracle Net, a component of Oracle Net Services, enables a network session from a client application to an Oracle Database server. Once a network session is established, Oracle Net acts as the data courier for both the client application and the database server. Business Network. Trading partner connectivity, made easy. The Oracle Business Network (OBN) is an open community for Oracle Cloud Applications, E-Business Suite, and PeopleSoft c. Only one ACL can be assigned to any host computer, domain, or IP subnet, and if specified, the TCP port range. When you assign a new access control list to a network target, Oracle Database unassigns the previous access control list that was assigned to the same target. However, Oracle Database does not drop the access control list. The Network Computer (or NC) was a diskless desktop computer device made by Oracle Corporation from about 1996 to 2000. The devices were designed and manufactured by an alliance, which included Sun Microsystems, IBM, and others. The devices were designed with minimum specifications, based on the Network Computer Reference Profile.

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The Network Computer (or NC) was a disklessdesktop computer device made by Oracle Corporation from about 1996 to 2000. The devices were designed and manufactured by an alliance, which included Sun Microsystems, IBM, and others. The devices were designed with minimum specifications, based on the Network Computer Reference Profile. The brand was also employed as a marketing term to try to popularize this design of computer within enterprise and among consumers.

The NC brand was mainly intended to inspire a range of desktop computers from various suppliers that, by virtue of their diskless design and use of inexpensive components and software, were cheaper and easier to manage than standard fat clientdesktops. However, due to the commoditization of standard desktop components, and due to the increasing availability and popularity of various software options for using full desktops as diskless nodes, thin clients, and hybrid clients, the Network Computer brand never achieved the popularity hoped for by Oracle and was eventually mothballed.

The term 'network computer' is now used for any disklessdesktop computer or a thin client.

History[edit]

The failure of the NC to impact on the scale predicted by Larry Ellison may have been caused by a number of factors. Firstly, prices of PCs quickly fell below $1000, making the competition very hard. Secondly, the software available for NCs was neither mature nor open.^{[1][failed verification]}

Thirdly, the idea could simply have been ahead of its time, as at the NC's launch in 1996, the typical home Internet connection was only a 28.8 kbit/s modem dialup. This was simply insufficient for the delivery of executable content. The world wide web itself was not considered mainstream until its breakout year, 1998. Prior to this, very few Internet service providers advertised in mainstream press (at least outside of the US), and knowledge of the Internet was limited. This could have held back uptake of what would be seen as a very niche device with no (then) obvious appeal.

NCs ended up being used as the very 'dumb terminals' they were intended^{[citation needed]} to replace, as the proprietary backend infrastructure is not readily available.^{[clarification needed]} 1990s era NCs are often network-booted into a minimal Unix with X, to serve as X terminals. While NC purists may consider this to be a suboptimal use of NC hardware, the NCs work well as terminals, and are considerably cheaper than purpose-built terminal hardware.

NC standards and drafts[edit]

Reference Profile[edit]

The initial Network Computing standard, the Network Computer Reference Profile (NCRef), required that all 'NC' appliances supported HTML, Java, HTTP, JPEG, and other key standards.

Other standards[edit]

Because many NCs did not use IntelCPUs or Microsoftsoftware, Microsoft and Intel developed a competing standard called NetPC.^[2] Other alternatives to the NCRef were WeBRef (Motorola and HDS Network Systems) and Odin (National Semiconductor).^[3] The HDS @workStation was stated to ship by the end of June 1996.^[4]

NC extensions[edit]

NC implementations[edit]

Acorn Network Computer[edit]

The Acorn Network Computer was Oracle's initial reference implementation of the NC. Its development was subcontracted to British company Acorn Computers,^[5] who adapted its own RISC OS to create NCOS.^[6] Acorn made use of local partner companies ANT, Icon Technology and Design Edge to fulfil their contract.^[7]

Macintosh NC[edit]

In 1997 Apple announced the Mac NC, its attempt to develop the Pippin into a network computer platform. By the end of 1997, Steve Jobs discontinued all Macintosh clone efforts, effectively killing the Pippin, although key components of the Mac NC technology were inherited by the original iMac.

NetProducts NetStation[edit]

The first generation NetStation design and the NetStation trademark was licensed to NChannel, which provided the consumer equipment and Internet service (with associated infrastructure) for the UK market. After a few months, NChannel split into two entities: NetChannel (which provided the Internet service) and NetProducts which provided the consumer hardware.

NetProducts started working with Acorn to develop a next-generation product, NetStation II and started developing an email-only set-top-box (the TVemail). NetProducts went into voluntary liquidation in 1998 before either project was completed.

Sun Microsystems JavaStation[edit]

Sun Microsystems developed the JavaStation, a JavaOS-based NC based on SPARC hardware, initially similar to Sun's range of Unix workstations.

IBM Network Station[edit]

IBM launched its Network Station in September 1996.^[8] As with the later reference design, the Network Station used a NetBSD-based NCOS booted over a LAN from an AS/400 or IBM PC server. The Network Station supported local execution of basic applications, such as a web browser and console. In addition, X capability was also implemented to allow both locally and remotely run applications to be used on the same machine. In practice, the lack of real applications meant that this was little more than a hardware X terminal.

The IBM Network Station was originally based on the PowerPC architecture, but the final few models used IntelPentium processors.

Contemporary analogy[edit]

Some^{[weasel words]} see the idea behind the NC as existing in contemporary times in the system of cloud computing and in particular Google Chrome OS. In Wired magazine, Daniel Roth claims that the failure of the network computer eventually led to the development of cloud computing. A large contribution to this transition was attributed to Eric Schmidt, once the CTO of Sun Microsystems, a proponent of the network computer, who eventually became the CEO of Google. Google is a large purveyor of cloud technology, 'most notably Google Docs and Spreadsheets'.^[9]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

1. ^Walters, E. Garrison (2001). The essential guide to computing. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall PTR. p. 13. ISBN0-13-019469-7. Retrieved 2008-05-06. information network desktop computer IT appliance 1970-2005.
2. ^Cheaper Computing, Part IArchived 2007-04-04 at the Wayback Machine, Byte magazine, April 1997
3. ^Virano Gazi Nasution; Aprita Primayuda; Aristo Lystiono; Indarti Primora B Harahap; Medwi Swasono. 'Network Computer in The Future'. Non-Aligned Movement. Archived from the original on 2011-03-02. Retrieved 2011-06-08. Here are four NC standards and reference platforms as specified by a certain vendor or group of vendors, in no particular order: The Network Computer Reference Profile (NCRef) by Oracle. The NetPC standard from Microsoft. WeBRef by Motorola and HDS Network Systems. National Semiconductor's Odin Reference Platform.CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
4. ^Shelton, Denise (1996-06-07). 'First NC sales slated for this month'. CNET.com. Retrieved 2011-06-10. HDS Network Systems says it's set this month to become the first vendor out of the gate with a commercially available device based on Oracle's Network Computer Reference Profile. [...] the HDS @workStation [...]
5. ^'Britain's Acorn Computer Group to offer sub $500 internet device'. PR Newswire. 1996-05-20. Retrieved 2011-06-07. [...] among the first to organize the manufacture and distribution of Network Computers [...] Products based on the reference designs, produced for Oracle by Acorn [...]
6. ^'Acorn Group spurs NC clone market by giving away nc hardware production and reference designs'. PR Newswire. 1997-08-19. Retrieved 2011-06-07. A scaled down version of RISC OS was licensed to Oracle to form its NCOS(TM).
7. ^Sapsed, Jonathan (2001-04-10). 'Managing Knowledge: Conversations and Critiques'. Brighton, UK: CENTRIM: 36. Acorn also made use of their local contacts in the fulfilment of the NC contract. Cambridge-based ANT developed the Web browser for the NC prototype when it was needed it in a hurry, and Icon technology similarly delivered a word processor. A local design company, Design Edge provided the prototype's casing in 48 hours. This was needed because Larry Ellison's preferred 'radical' design was impractical to manufacture.Cite journal requires |journal= (help); |contribution= ignored (help)
8. ^'First Network Computer Announced By IBM'. EE Times. EE Times. 1996-09-06. Retrieved 2011-06-08. IBM announced its first network computer [...]
9. ^Roth, Daniel (2009-12-21). 'Time Your Attack: Oracle's Lost Revolution'. Wired. Archived from the original on 2010-02-25. Retrieved 2010-02-22.

External links[edit]

• Contemporary press coverage of early NC pre-announcements: https://archive.is/20130119192531/http://news.com.com/Oracle+down+to+brass+tacks+for+NC/2100-1001_3-243680.html

This topic describes how to manage the virtual network interface cards (VNICs) in a virtual cloud network (VCN).

Overview of VNICs and Physical NICs

The servers in Oracle Cloud Infrastructure data centers have physical network interface cards (NICs). When you launch an instance on one of these servers, the instance communicates using Networking service virtual NICs (VNICs) associated with the physical NICs. The next sections talk about VNICs and NICs, and how they're related.

About VNICs

A VNIC enables an instance to connect to a VCN and determines how the instance connects with endpoints inside and outside the VCN. Each VNIC resides in a subnet in a VCN and includes these items:

• One primary private IPv4 address from the subnet the VNIC is in, chosen by either you or Oracle.
• Up to 31 optional secondary private IPv4 addresses from the same subnet the VNIC is in, chosen by either you or Oracle.
• An optional public IPv4 address for each private IP, chosen by Oracle but assigned by you at your discretion.
• An optional hostname for DNS for each private IP address (see DNS in Your Virtual Cloud Network).
• A MAC address.
• A VLAN tag assigned by Oracle and available when attachment of the VNIC to the instance is complete (relevant only for bare metal instances).
• A flag to enable or disable the source/destination check on the VNIC's network traffic (see Overview of VNICs and Physical NICs).
• Optional membership in one or more network security groups (NSGs) of your choice. NSGs have security rules that apply only to the VNICs in that NSG.
• Up to 32 optional IPv6 addresses. IPv6 addressing is currently supported only in the US Government Cloud. For more information, see IPv6 Addresses.

Each VNIC also has a friendly name you can assign, and an Oracle-assigned OCID (see Resource Identifiers).

Each instance has a primary VNIC that is automatically created and attached during launch. That VNIC resides in the subnet you specify during launch. The primary VNIC cannot be removed from the instance.

How VNICs and Physical NICs Are Related

This section is relevant to bare metal instances.

The OS on a bare metal instance recognizes two physical network devices and configures them as two physical NICs, 0 and 1. Whether they're both active depends on the underlying hardware:

• Oracle X5 servers (also called first-generation): Only NIC 0 is active.
• Oracle X6 servers: Only NIC 0 is active.
• Oracle X7 servers (also called second-generation): Both NIC 0 and NIC 1 are active. Each physical NIC has 25 Gbps bandwidth.

NIC 0 is automatically configured with the primary VNIC's IP configuration (the IP addresses, DNS hostname, and so on).

If you add a secondary VNIC to a second-generation instance, you must specify which physical NIC the secondary VNIC should use. You must also configure the OS so that the physical NIC has the secondary VNIC's IP configuration. For Linux instances, see Linux: Configuring the OS for Secondary VNICs. For Windows instances, see Windows: Configuring the OS for Secondary VNICs.

About Secondary VNICs

You can add secondary VNICs to an instance after it's launched. Each secondary VNIC can be in a subnet in the same VCN as the primary VNIC, or in a different subnet that is either in the same VCN or a different one. However, all the VNICs must be in the same availability domain as the instance.

• Use your own hypervisor on a bare metal instance: The virtual machines on the bare metal instance each have their own secondary VNIC, giving direct connectivity to other instances and services in the VNIC's VCN. For more information, see Installing and Configuring KVM on Bare Metal Instances with Multi-VNIC.
• Connect an instance to subnets in multiple VCNs: For example, you might set up your own firewall to protect traffic between VCNs, so the instance needs to connect to subnets in different VCNs.

Here are more details about secondary VNICs:

• They're supported for these types of instances:

  • Linux: Both VM and bare metal instances. Also see Linux: Configuring the OS for Secondary VNICs.
  • Windows: Both VM and bare metal instances, but only on X7/second-generation shapes shapes with '2' in the name, such as VM.Standard 2.16 and BM.Standard2.52). For bare metal, secondary VNICs are supported only on the second physical NIC. Remember that the first physical NIC is NIC 0, and the second is NIC 1. Also see Windows: Configuring the OS for Secondary VNICs.

• There's a limit to how many VNICs can be attached to an instance, and it varies by shape. For those limits, see Compute Shapes.
• They can be added only after the instance is launched.
• They must always be attached to an instance and cannot be moved. The process of creating a secondary VNIC automatically attaches it to the instance. The process of detaching a secondary VNIC automatically deletes it.
• They are automatically detached and deleted when you terminate the instance.
• The instance's bandwidth is fixed regardless of the number of VNICs attached. You can't specify a bandwidth limit for a particular VNIC on an instance.
• Attaching multiple VNICs from the same subnet CIDR block to an instance can introduce asymmetric routing, especially on instances using a variant of Linux. If you need this type of configuration, Oracle recommends assigning multiple private IP addresses to one VNIC, or using policy-based routing as shown in the script later in this topic.

Source/Destination Check

By default, every VNIC performs the source/destination check on its network traffic. The VNIC looks at the source and destination listed in the header of each network packet. If the VNIC is not the source or destination, then the packet is dropped.

If the VNIC needs to forward traffic (for example, if it needs to perform Network Address Translation (NAT)), you must disable the source/destination check on the VNIC. For instructions, see To update an existing VNIC. For information about the general scenario, see Using a Private IP as a Route Target.

VNIC Information in the Instance Metadata

The instance metadata service (IMDS) includes information about the VNICs at these URLs:

• IMDS version 2:

• Legacy IMDS version 1:

Here's an example response that shows the VNICs that are attached to an instance:

Required IAM Policy

To use Oracle Cloud Infrastructure, you must be granted security access in a policy by an administrator. This access is required whether you're using the Console or the REST API with an SDK, CLI, or other tool. If you get a message that you don’t have permission or are unauthorized, verify with your administrator what type of access you have and which compartment you should work in.

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For administrators: see IAM Policies for Networking.

Monitoring VNICs

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You can monitor the health, capacity, and performance of your Oracle Cloud Infrastructure resources by using metrics, alarms, and notifications. For more information, see Monitoring Overview and Notifications Overview.

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For information about monitoring the traffic coming in and out of VNICs, see VNIC Metrics.